有关Rails程序的SEO

整理一下有关SEO的链接，有必要慢慢学习

Google的SEO指导
http://googlewebmastercentral.blogspot.com/2008/11/googles-seo-starter-guide.html

Google的SEO中文指导
http://www.google.cn/ggblog/googlewebmaster-cn/2008/12/google-seo.html
http://docs.google.com/fileview?id=0B5Utlw5ap2R8MGMyM2I3MjktMGE5Yy00OTMxLTkwZDktZmNkNWFhMjJlZGNj&hl=en&pli=1

中文网站管理员博客
http://googlewebmaster-cn.blogspot.com/


SEO on Rails专门网站
http://www.seoonrails.com/

Rails SEO开始手册
http://web.elctech.com/2008/11/19/rails-seo-starter-guide/

关于Rails程序安全性

问题

默热情况下ActiveRecord允许访问者更新所有字段，以及子表字段。
这就让系统中的敏感字段暴露在外。

ActiveRecord里面提供了一下两个函数来声明可以改变的字段。
attr_accessible attr_protected

但是在实际使用中，极为不便，因为
ActiveRecord.new
ActiveRecord.update_attributes
的方法将无法正常使用

当然你可以为每个属性赋值，但这个不是聪明的做法。

问题所在不是出现在ActiveRecord上面。
而是应该在ActiveController上屏蔽一些敏感Parameter

寻找良久，以下这个Plugin应该是一个最为完善的解决方案吧。
据说这个是从Merb里面研究出来的，我想Rails3可能会有直接支持吧。

http://github.com/cjbottaro/param_protected


参看以下链接
http://railspikes.com/2008/9/22/is-your-rails-application-safe-from-mass-assignment

安全检查工具
http://thinkrelevance.com/blog/2008/02/26/tarantula-vs-your-rails-app.html

release tool - capistrano

Capistrano 是一个基于Rails开发部署工具。原本是主要为Rails应用使用。现在已经比较通用，不光在Rails应用中可以用。

cd app_dir
capify .

vi config/deploy.rb
set :application, "demo"
set :deploy_to, "/path/to/your/app/dir"
set :scm, :subversion
set :user, "user_for_deploy"

# cap deploy  #  This calls both `update' and `restart'
# cap deploy:update  # This calls both `update_code' or `symlink'
# cap deploy:update_code # get source from repository, and call finalize_update
# cap finalize_update # This create 3 symbol links [ public, tmp, log ]
# cap deploy:restart # This works by calling the script/process/reaper

# 如果不是Rails应用，需要覆盖下面2个方法

namespace :deploy do
  task :finalize_udpate do

  end

  task :restart do
  end
end

CentOS 5.1 でRails環境構築 エラー（uninitialized constant MysqlCompat::MysqlRes）

CentOS5.1

Yumでインストール
  ruby 1.8.5

gem list


*** LOCAL GEMS ***

actionmailer (2.3.5)
actionpack (2.3.5)
activerecord (2.3.5)
activeresource (2.3.5)
activesupport (2.3.5)
capistrano (2.5.18, 2.5.14)
fastthread (1.0.7)
highline (1.5.2)
mysql (2.8.1)
net-scp (1.0.2)
net-sftp (2.0.4)
net-ssh (2.0.21, 2.0.19)
net-ssh-gateway (1.0.1)
passenger (2.2.11, 2.2.9)
rack (1.1.0, 1.0.1)
rails (2.3.5)
rake (0.8.7)
rubygems-update (1.3.6, 1.3.5)




下記のエラーででる


  Status: 500 Internal Server Error
  uninitialized constant MysqlCompat::MysqlRes


原因は良く分かりませんが、たぶんCentOSのmysql.develと不整合だと思う。
2.7バージョンでmysqlをインストールすることで解決できる。

sudo gem install mysql --version '= 2.7' -- --with-mysql-lib=/usr/lib/mysql

Railsエラーメッセージ日本語化（参考）

(省略)
    errors:
      messages:
        inclusion: "は一覧にありません。"
        exclusion: "は予約されています。"
        invalid: "が不正な値です。"
        confirmation: "が一致しません。"
        accepted: "を承諾してください。"
        empty: "が記入されていません。"
        blank: "が記入されていません。"
        too_long: "は{{count}}文字以内で記入してください。"
        too_short: "は{{count}}文字以上で記入してください。"
        wrong_length: "は{{count}}文字で記入してください。"
        taken: "はすでに使用されています。"
        not_a_number: "は数値で入力してください。"
        greater_than: "は{{count}}より大きい値を指定してください。"
        greater_than_or_equal_to: "は{{count}}以上の値を指定してください。"
        equal_to: "は{{count}}を指定してください。"
        less_than: "は{{count}}より小さい値を指定してください。"
        less_than_or_equal_to: "は{{count}}以下の値を指定してください。"
        odd: "は奇数を指定してください。"
        even: "は偶数を指定してください。"
        # Append your own errors here or at the model/attributes scope.

      models:
        # Overrides default messages

      attributes:
        # Overrides model and default messages.

ubuntuでRails環境を設定

sudo apt-get udpate
sudo gem update --system
sudo gem update --no-ri --no-rdoc
sudo gem install rails haml --no-ri --no-rdoc


vim-rails設定

sudo apt-get install vim-rails
vim-rails-setup

Rails本地化

Rails2.3加入了I18n，已经能够很好的支持本地化（Locale）了
主要为

• 对框架返回的信息的本地化
• 对数据库表项目的本地化
• 对页面文字的本地化
  

以下是我的一个例子，点这里看效果

实现对 英文，中文，日文 三种语言的支持

RAILS_ROOT/app/controller/application_controller.rb
RAILS_ROOT/config/initializers/i18n.rb
RAILS_ROOT/coonfig/locales/en.yml
RAILS_ROOT/coonfig/locales/zh.yml
RAILS_ROOT/coonfig/locales/ja.yml

application_controller.rb

# 为本地化处理加一个过滤器
class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base
  before_filter :set_locale

protected
  def set_locale
    session[:locale] = params[:locale] if params[:locale]
    I18n.locale = session[:locale] || I18n.default_locale
  end
end

i18n.rb

I18n.default_locale = 'en'

LOCALES_DIRECTORY = "#{RAILS_ROOT}/config/locales/"

LANGUAGES = {
  'English' => 'en',
  '中文' => 'zh',
  '日本語' => 'ja'
}

en.yml

en:
  number:
    currency:
      format:
        unit: "¥" 
  
  layout:
    title: "Xi-yang-yang Wedding Garden"
    side:
      home: "Home"
      faq:  "Questions"
      news: "News"
      contact: "Contact"
    cart:
      title: "Your Cart"
      total: "Total"
      checkout: "Checkout"
      empty_cart: "Empty Cart" 

zh.yml

zh:
  number:
    currency:
      format:
        unit: "¥"
        precision: 2
        separator: "."
        delimiter: ","
        format: "%u%n"

  activerecord:
    errors:
      # The values :model, :attribute and :value are always available for interpolation
      # The value :count is available when applicable. Can be used for pluralization.
      messages:
        inclusion: "必须是表内的值" #is not included in the list
        exclusion: "保留" # is reserved"
        invalid: "无效" # "is invalid"
        confirmation: "与确认值不一致" # "doesn't match confirmation"
        accepted: "必须被接受" # "must be accepted"
        empty: "不能为空" # "can't be empty"
        blank: "不能为空白" # "can't be blank"
        too_long: "超长(最長{{count}})" # "is too long (maximum is {{count}} characters)"
        too_short: "超短(最短{{count}})" # "is too short (minimum is {{count}} characters)"
        wrong_length: "长度不对(字数必须为{{count}})" # "is the wrong length (should be {{count}} characters)"
        taken: "该值已经存在" # "has already been taken"
        not_a_number: "不是数字" # "is not a number"
        greater_than: "必须大于{{count}}" # "must be greater than {{count}}"
        greater_than_or_equal_to: "不得小于{{count}}" # "must be greater than or equal to {{count}}"
        equal_to: "必须等于{{count}}" # "must be equal to {{count}}"
        less_than: "必须小于{{count}}" # "must be less than {{count}}"
        less_than_or_equal_to: "不得大于{{count}}" # "must be less than or equal to {{count}}"
        odd: "必须为奇数" # "must be odd"
        even: "必须为偶数" # "must be even"
        record_invalid: "验证失败: {{errors}}" # "Validation failed: {{errors}}"
      template:
        header:
          one: "1个错误发生导致处理失败" # "1 error prohibited this {{model}} from being saved"
          other: "{{count}}个错误发生导致处理失败" # "{{count}} errors prohibited this {{model}} from being saved"
        body: "以下的项目出错" # "There were problems with the following fields:" 

    model:
      order: "订购"
    attributes:
      order:
        name: "姓名"
        address: "地址"
        email: "E-mail"
        pay_type: "付款方式" 

  layout:
    title: "喜洋洋婚庆花苑"
    side:
      home: "主页"
      faq:  "常见问题"
      news: "新信息"
      contact: "联系"
    cart:
      title: "你的购物车"
      total: "合计"
      checkout: "购买"
      empty_cart: "清空购物车"
 

ja.yml

ja:
  number:
    currency:
      format:
        unit: "¥"
        precision: 2
        separator: "."
        delimiter: ","
        format: "%u%n"

  activerecord:
    errors:
      # The values :model, :attribute and :value are always available for interpolation
      # The value :count is available when applicable. Can be used for pluralization.
      messages:
        inclusion: "リストには含まれていません" #is not included in the list
        exclusion: "保留" # is reserved"
        invalid: "無効です" # "is invalid"
        confirmation: "一致していません" # "doesn't match confirmation"
        accepted: "設定しないとなりません" # "must be accepted"
        empty: "空にしてはいけません" # "can't be empty"
        blank: "空白にしてはいけません" # "can't be blank"
        too_long: "長すぎ(最長{{count}}桁数)" # "is too long (maximum is {{count}} characters)"
        too_short: "短すぎ(最短{{count}}桁数)" # "is too short (minimum is {{count}} characters)"
        wrong_length: "桁数が不正({{count}}桁数)" # "is the wrong length (should be {{count}} characters)"
        taken: "もう設定されていました" # "has already been taken"
        not_a_number: "数字ではありません" # "is not a number"
        greater_than: "{{count}}より大きくしないといけません" # "must be greater than {{count}}"
        greater_than_or_equal_to: "{{count}}以上にしないといけません" # "must be greater than or equal to {{count}}"
        equal_to: "{{count}}ではないといけません" # "must be equal to {{count}}"
        less_than: "{{count}}より小さくしないといけません" # "must be less than {{count}}"
        less_than_or_equal_to: "{{count}}以下にしないといけません" # "must be less than or equal to {{count}}"
        odd: "奇数にしないといけません" # "must be odd"
        even: "偶数にないといけません" # "must be even"
        record_invalid: "検証失敗: {{errors}}" # "Validation failed: {{errors}}"
      template:
        header:
          one: "1個のエラーが発生したため処理が失敗しました" # "1 error prohibited this {{model}} from being saved"
          other: "{{count}}個のエラーが発生したため処理が失敗しました" # "{{count}} errors prohibited this {{model}} from being saved"
        body: "以下のフィールドにエラーが発生しました" # "There were problems with the following fields:" 
    model:
      order: "注文"
    attributes:
      order:
        name: "名前"
        address: "住所"
        email: "E-mail"
        pay_type: "支払方法" 

  layout:
    title: "喜洋々ウエディングガーデン"
    side:
      home: "ホーム"
      faq:  "よくある質問"
      news: "ニュース"
      contact: "お問い合わせ"
    cart:
      title: "あなたのカート"
      total: "合計"
      checkout: "チェックアウト"
      empty_cart: "カートをクリア" 

框架自带的验证出错提示信息可参看这里